U Rwanda rucumbikiye impunzi sizaga ibihumbi 162

Tariki ya 20 Kamena buri mwaka ni umunsi mpuzamahanga wahariwe kuzirikana impunzi, aho ibihugu bitandukanye byifatanya n’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku mpunzi (UNHCR) mu kuzirikana imiryango amagana n’amagana itatanye ku isi yose no mu Rwanda, hagafatwa n’umwanya wo kugaragaza ubumwe no kwita ku mpunzi kuko ari abantu nk’abandi, abantu nka we, abantu nka njye baba mu buzima bubi, bubagoye, batihitiyemo kandi batagira icyo babuhinduraho.

Uyu mwaka u Rwanda rwifatanyije n’ibihugu bitandukanye mu kwizihiza Umunsi Mpuzamahanga wahariwe kuzirikana impunzi, mu gihe rucumbikiye impunzi nyinshi mu mateka yarwo zisaga ibihumbi 162, ziherereye mu nkambi esheshatu ndetse no mu mijyi. Izi mpunzi zituruka ahanini mu bihugu bya Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, u Burundi, naho abandi bake cyane bakaba baturuka mu bindi bihugu. Impunzi zaturutse muri Kongo zimaze igihe mu nkambi, kimwe n’izaturutse mu Burundi ziherereye mu nkambi ya Mahama yashinzwe muri Mata 2015, ikaba ibarirwamo impunzi zisaga 50,000 zifuza ko amahoro n’umutekano bigaruka mu bihugu byazo kugira ngo zisubireyo. Bitewe n’ikibazo cy’umutekano muke mu bihugu byazo, zikeneye kubungabungirwa umutekano n’imibereho mu Rwanda. Leta y’u Rwanda ibinyujije muri Minisiteri y’Imicungire y’Ibiza n’Impunzi (MIDIMAR) na UNHCR, mu nzego zita ku mibereho y’impunzi mu Rwanda, ibifashijwemo n’abaterankunga batandukanye, umwaka ushize UNHCR yakoresheje amadolari asaga miliyoni 35 mu kurinda no kwita ku mpunzi ziri mu Rwanda.

Aya mafaranga yafashije mu gushyiraho inkambi ya Mahama n’ahakirirwa impunzi mbere y’uko zijyanwa mu nkambi, kwandika impunzi no gufasha abana bibana, gushaka amahema, inkwi n’ibindi by’ibanze bikenerwa mu buzima bwa buri munsi, gushyiraho umuyoboro w’amazi no kuyatunganya, kubaka ubwiherero hamwe no gushinga ikigo nderabuzima ndetse no kugishakira abakozi. Imiryango Mpuzamahanga n’andi mashami ya Loni mu Rwanda yakusanyije inkunga yiyongeraho, igera kuri miliyoni 12.7 z’amadolari yo gukoreshwa mu bikorwa byo gutabara impunzi. Mu Rwanda habarurwa impunzi z’Abanyekongo zirenga 82, 000 zimaze imyaka myinshi mu buhungiro kandi zidafite icyizere cyo kuba zasubira iwabo muri Congo. Izi mpunzi zikeneye gufashwa kwibeshaho kurusha guhabwa imfashanyo. Inkambi ni ahantu hagenewe guturwa igihe gito; ni ahantu hakagombye kwifashishwa mu bihe bikomeye. N’ubwo biteye bityo, inkambi ya Kiziba imaze imyaka isaga 20 icumbikiye impunzi ibihumbi n’ibihumbi, abana n’urubyiruko bo muri iyo nkambi nta bundi buzima bazi usibye ubw’ubuhungiro, ubuzima bwo guhabwa buri kintu cyose.

Inkunga itangwa na UNCHR n’abafatanyabikorwa ituruka mu bagiraneza, irimo kugabanuka bitewe n’ibibazo byugarije isi birimo gutera ubuhunzi kwiyongera bikabije. Ibi bisobanura ko hagomba kujyaho gahunda ihamye yo gufashwa kwiteza imbere ku mpumzi zo mu nkambi ya Kiziba. Muri 2016, UNHCR yatangije gahunda yo guteza imbere imibereho y’impunzi mu Rwanda, ikaba iteganya ko impunzi zizabasha kwibeshaho ubwazo ndetse zikagira uruhare mu guteza imbere ubukungu muri sosiyete yazakiriye. UNHCR irateganya gukorana na ba rwiyemezamirimo kugira ngo babashe gutangira guha umwanya impunzi mu bikorwa byabo: nk’abafatanyabikorwa, abaguzi, abagurisha ndetse n’abakozi. Ubushakashatsi bwagiye bukorwa bwerekana ko iyo impunzi zibashije gushyirwa muri gahunda y’ubukungu ndetse n’imibereho nk’abaturage basanzwe, biteza imbere sosiyete zabakiriye ndetse na bo ubwabo; aho kugira ngo zibe umutwaro. Uko zigenda zibeshaho zigatanga ibisubizo ku iterambere mu by’ubukungu mu gihugu cyazakiriye. Kuba impunzi ziba mu Rwanda 95% zivuga ikinyarwanda, zikaba zinasangiye n’Abanyarwanda byinshi mu muco, zagakwiriye koroherezwa muri gahunda yo gufashwa kwiteza imbere.

Gahunda ya Leta y’u Rwanda yo kwinjiza impunzi muri gahunda zigenerwa Abanyarwanda nk’uburezi n’ubuvuzi ni intambwe ikomeye mu kuzinjiza no muri gahunda ngengabukungu. UNHCR imaze kubaka ibyumba by’amashuri birenga 110 mu bigo by’amashuri bya Leta ndetse no kongerera ubushobozi ibigo nderabuzima, aho impunzi zibasha guhabwa serivisi zimwe n’ iz’ Abanyarwanda. Iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’u Rwanda rigenda rigaragaza ko butazakomeza gushingira ku bikorwa bikomoka ku buhinzi n’ubworozi gusa. Ku bw’ibyo UNHCR ifite intego yo gushaka ibisubizo bihamye kuri gahunda yo gufatanya n’abaturage basanzwe kwiteza imbere mu mibereho myiza n’ubukungu, hashingiwe ku bumenyi bw’impunzi, ubucuruzi ndeste n’urwego rw’amashuri zifite. Ubu impunzi zo mu Rwanda zifite uburenganzira bwo gukora, bituma zigabanya gutega amaramuko ku mfashanyo na zo zidahoraho cyangwa ntizizire ku gihe, ahubwo zikagana isoko. UNHCR kandi yahinduye uburyo bwo gutanga imfashanyo, ahubwo itangira gutanga amafaranga. Ibi bifasha impunzi kugana amasoko y’abaturage kandi bakagira amahitamo mu kubona ibyo bakeneye. UNHCR yatangije ibiganiro n’abafatanyabikorwa kugira ngo higwe ku buryo buhamye bwo guteza imbere no kwihutisha ishyirwa ry’impunzi muri gahunda z’iterambere n’ubukungu, ahubwo inkunga n’imfashanyo bijya mu nkambi bikagabanuka.

Ubwo twizihiza Umunsi Mpuzamahanga wahariwe kuzirikana ku Mpunzi, mureke ube umwanya wo gutekereza ku myaka 20 yo gucumbikira impunzi, kuzirinda no kuzifasha gutekereza ku bikorwa byazifasha kwiteza imbere ubwazo, zikajya muri gahunda z’iterambere nk’abandi baturage aho gukomeza gutega amaboko ku mfashanyo. Usibye gucumbikira impunzi, u Rwanda rwakira ibihumbi by’Abanyarwanda batahuka bavuye mu buhungiro bamazemo imyaka myinshi. Kugeza ubu UNHCR imaze gufasha impunzi z’Abanyarwanda zatahutse zigera kuri miliyoni 3.3; kandi Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yiyemeje gushyiraho gahunda yo kwakira no gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe impunzi zose z’Abanyarwanda zitahuka. Inshingano y’ibanze ya UNHCR ni ukuba igisubizo ku bibazo by’impunzi; bityo rero ifasha Guverinoma y’u Rwanda n’ibihugu bicumbikiye Abanyarwanda muri gahunda yo gusoza burundu ubuhunzi ku banyarwanda mu mpera z’umwaka wa 2017.



Yanditswe na Ubwanditsi/Muhabura.rw