Nijeriya iri mu biganiro byo kugura ibitwaro mu Burusiya mu gihe impungenge z’umutekano ziyongera mu karere ka Sahel

Ku wa 24 Kanama 2023, urubuga rw’Igisirikare cya Afurika” rwatangaje ko Nijeriya iri mu biganiro n’Uburusiya kugira ngo bigure intwaro zihaninse zitwa T-90 Main Battle Tanks ,mu gihe ibibazo by’umutekano bigenda byiyongera mu karere ka Sahel, byatewe n’ubutegetsi bwa vuba muri Niger ndetse n’izindi mvururu za politiki.

Nk’ibihugu bikomeye mu karere, Nijeriya ishishikajwe no kubungabunga umutekano mu bihugu bituranye bituma ishoramari rikomeza mu kongera ingufu za gisirikare.

Bivugwa ko umuyobozi wo mu rwego rwo hejuru, wo muri Nijeriya yabagejejeho aya makuru mu ihuriro , mpuzamahanga rya gisirikare rya tekiniki ry’Uburusiya (Ingabo 2023). Iyi mishyikirano yerekana icyemezo cya Nijeriya cyo guha ibikoresho ingabo zayo intwaro zigezweho.

Kuva kera, Nijeriya yakomeje gushyira ibintu byinshi mu kugura no gukoresha intwaro zakozwe n’Uburusiya. Kuva mu ndege za MiG-21, kajugujugu za Mil Mi-serie, imbunda za Kalashnikov, hamwe na T-72 na T-55.

Muri Mata 2017, Ingabo zirwanira mu kirere za Nijeriya zafashe kajugujugu ebyiri zo mu bwoko bwa Mil Mi-35M, umwaka utaha, ingabo zirwanira mu kirere na Nijeriya nazo zabonye icyiciro gishya cya kajugujugu yo mu Burusiya yakozwe na Mil Mi-35M Hind ku ya 30 Mata, mu rwego rwo gutwara ibice cumi na bibiri bishya byatumijwe na Kajugujugu y’Uburusiya muri Nzeri 2015.

Uburusiya na Nijeriya bimaze kugirana umubano w’ibihugu byombi, cyane cyane mu masoko ya gisirikare hagati y’ibihugu byombi. Vuba aha, muri Kanama 2021, Nijeriya yasinyanye amasezerano y’ubufatanye bwa gisirikare na tekiniki na Federasiyo y’Uburusiya mu imurikagurisha ry’ingabo 2021.

Iki cyemezo gikurikira imbaraga igihugu gikomeje kuvugurura ibikoresho bya gisirikare no kongera ubushobozi bwo kwirwanaho. Ibigega by’intambara bikomeye bya T-90, bizwiho kuba byateye imbere ndetse n’imikorere ishimishije, biteguye kuzaba umutungo w’ingenzi mu birindiro by’ingabo bya Nijeriya.

Ibishobora kugurwa ubu n’ibimodoka by’imitamerwa byintambara byitwa T-90 . Ibi byerekana ko gukomeza k wa Nigeriya mu kugura Ibirwanisho bikomeye byakozwe n’Uburusiya (MBTs).

Kugeza ubu, ingabo za Nijeriya zifite Ibirwanisho bikomeye 319 (MBTs) harimo 100 byo mu Burusiya T-55, 10 T-72AV, 31 T-72M1, 172 Vickers y’Abongereza Mk3 na VT4 y’Abashinwa bagera kuri 30.

Ibimodoka by’intambara bya T-90 biteganijwe ko byurizwa amato asanzwe ya Nigeriya. Muri 2020, Nijeriya yaguze ibimodoka by’intambara , bigera kuri 30 by’Abashinwa VT4, byongera ubudasa ku bushobozi bwayo bw’intwaro. Uku kugura kwerekana ingamba za Nigeriya zo guteranya ingufu za gisirikare zitandukanye kandi zishoboye.

T-90 ni igisekuru cya gatatu cy’ibirwanisho bikomeye by’Uburusiya byatangiye gukoreshwa mu 1993. Ni iterambere rya T-72, rikubiyemo ibintu byinshi biranga T-80U. T-90 izwiho kurinda ibirwanisho bigezweho, cyane cyane gukoresha ibirwanisho byinshi hamwe n’ibirwanisho biturika (ERA). Ifite imbunda ya 125mm yoroshye ishobora kurasa amasasu asanzwe hamwe na misile ziyobowe.

T-90S ni uburyo bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze ya T-90, igisekuru cya gatatu cy’intambara yo mu Burusiya. T-90S yagenewe guhuza ibyifuzo by’abakiriya b’amahanga, T-90S isangiye byinshi mu bintu bimwe na bimwe nka T-90, harimo kurinda ibirwanisho bigezweho, imbunda ya mmmm 125mm, hamwe na sisitemu ihanitse yo kugenzura umuriro ifite amashusho y’ubushyuhe hamwe n’ubushobozi bwa laser.

Ariko, T-90S ishobora gutandukanywa n’ibikoresho byabigenewe hamwe nimpinduka zimiterere ijyanye n’ibyifuzo by’igihugu kigura. Ibi bishobora ku bamo sisitemu yitumanaho itandukanye, ibirwanisho byinyongera, cyangwa guhindura imiterere cyangwa ibice byihariye kugirango uhuze ibyo umuguzi akunda cyangwa amabwiriza. T-90S ishobora kandi gutangwa kubiciro bitandukanye.

Intwaro y’ibanze ya T-90S n’imbunda ya 125mm 2A46M yoroshye, ishobora kurasa ubwoko butandukanye bw’amasasu harimo APFSDS (Armor-Piercing Fin-Stabilized Discarding Sabot), HEAT (High-Explosive Anti-Tank), na HE-FRAG (Igice kinini-giturika). Imbunda ishobora kandi kohereza 9M119 Refleks (Izina rya raporo ya NATO: AT-11 Sniper) misile irasa tank.

Intwaro ya kabiri ikubiyemo imbunda ya coaxial 7.62mm n’imbunda ya 12.7mm yo kurwanya indege yashyizwe kuri tarret. Impapuro zimwe zishobora kandi kuba zifite grenade yikora.

Kimwe na T-90, T-90S izwiho kuba ifite ubushobozi bwo gukorera mu turere dutandukanye ndetse n’ikirere. Yoherejwe mu bihugu byinshi kandi yerekanye imikorere yayo no guhuza n’imikorere mu bihe bitandukanye.

KWIGWIZA IBITWARO BYA NAVUGIWE MU NAMA YA ECOWAS

Mu nama idasanzwe yahuje Abayobozi b’Umuryango w’Ubukungu bw’Ibihugu by’Afurika y’Iburengerazuba (ECOWAS), tariki 10 Kanama 2023, i Abuja iyobowe na Perezida wa Nigeria, Bola Tinubu, bemeje ko hagomba koherezwa umutwe w’ingabo ushinzwe gutabara, uhuriweho n’ibi bihugu kugira ngo usubize ku butegetsi Perezida Bazoum, wahiritswe n’agatsiko k’abasirikare.

Abayobozi ba ECOWAS basuzumye, banaganira uko ikibazo cya Politiki gihagaze muri Niger, basanga hagomba koherezwa ingabo muri iki gihugu ariko hagakomeza n’ibiganiro by’inzira y’amahoro.

Iki cyemezo gifashwe nyuma y’uko ECOWAS yari yahaye itsinda ry’abasirikare bakoze Coup d’état muri Niger, igihe ntarengwa cyo kuba basubije ubutegetsi mu maboko ya Perezida Mohamed Bazoum, cya tariki 6 Kanama 2023, bitaba ibyo hagakoreshwa ingufu za gisirikare.

ECOWAS rero yavuze ko izategeka komite y’abayobozi bakuru b’ingabo, gutegura itsinda ry’abasirikare bagize uwo muryango rishinzwe gutabara, rikoherezwa kugarura ubuyobozi bwa Niger bushingiye ku Itegeko Nshinga, aho kuburekera mu maboko y’abasirikare.

Mu itangazo ryayo, ECOWAS yasabye ko Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Afurika (AU), wemera izi ntambwe ugiye gutera kandi usaba inkunga y’abafatanyabikorwa bayo bose, harimo na UN.

Gusa nubwo uyu mwanzuro watowe, Perezida Bola Tinubu, kimwe na Perezida wa Komisiyo ya ECOWAS, Omar Touray, bashimangiye neza ko icyifuzo cyabo cyahoze ari ugukemura iki kibazo mu bwumvikane. Abakuru b’ibihugu bya ECOWAS na bo bongeye kwiyemeza kugarura umutekano wa Niger bashingiye ku Itegeko Nshinga, hakoreshejwe uburyo bw’ibiganiro, igihe iri tsinda ryafashe ubutegetsi ryaba ribyemeye.

ECOWAS ndetse n’ibihugu byo mu Burengerazuba bw’Isi, basaba ko muri Niger hasubiraho ubutegetsi bwemewe n’itegeko nshinga, ndetse na Perezida Mohamed Bazoum, akarekurwa.

Nubwo ECOWAS yafashe uyu mwanzuro, UN yo yatangaje ko ihangayikishijwe n’ubuzima bwa Perezida Muhamed Bazoum, aho afungiye n’umuryango we kuko ngo adafashwe neza.

Izi ngamba zafashwe zishobora kudatanga igisubizo ku gihugu cya Niger, kuko agatsiko kafashe ubutegetsi ko kamaze gushyiraho Guverinoma y’inzibacyuho, ndetse n’ikirere cy’icyo gihugu kikaba gifunze.