Amakimbirane ashingiye ku moko hagati y’Abahutu n’Abatutsi yakomeye cyane mu gihe cy’ubukoroni

Umusaza ukunze kwifashishwa mu kwigisha amateka y’u Rwanda, Kalisa Rugano, asobanura ko Ababiligi aribo bakoze iyo bwabaga kugirango bashwanishe Abahutu n’Abatutsi.

Rugano avuga ko uru rwango rwatangiye kwigishwa mu mwaka w’1916 ubwo Ababiligi bazaga mu Rwanda kuko ngo bafashe Abatutsi bakabagira abayobozi ndetse n’abantu bari hejuru y’abandi.

Aha Rugano akaba avuga ko mbere mu bwami ibyo bise amoko [Abatwa, Abatutsi n’Abahutu] bitari byo moko ahubwo ngo hari andi moko Abanyarwanda bahuriragaho ndetse bakanibonamo cyane ko umuntu yashoboraga kureka kuba Umutwa akaba Umuhutu cyangwa Umututsi, cyangwa akareka kuba Umuhutu akaba Umututsi aribyo bitaga kwihutura, kimwe n’uko yashoboraga kuva mu Batutsi akajya mu Bahuru.

Ibi ngo byaraterwaga n’ubushobozi [umutungo] bw’umuntu kuko iyo bwazamukaga yarimurwaga akajya mu bo basigaye babunganya, bwamanuka nawe akamanuka akajyanwa mu bo basigaye babunganya.

Ababiligi baje mu Rwanda bafashe ibi bitaga amoko babigira amoko ahamye. Rugano ati: “batanze itegeko ry’uko umuntu wese wari ufite inka 15 kuzamura aba Umututsi, ufite inka nibura inka eshanu [5] we akaba Umuhutu naho utagira n’umwe we akaba Umutwa”.

Akomeza avuga ko aha ariho bafashe Umututsi bakamugira umuyobozi w’abandi basigaye bakajya bamukoresha ibyo bashaka kugeraho byose. Akaba aribwo batangiye kwigisha ko Umututsi ntaho ahuriye n’Umuhutu nta n’icyo bapfana na kimwe ko ahubwo Umututsi ari umwanzi w’Umuhutu kuva cyera.

Ubu bwoko Ababiligi babushyize mu byangombwa by’Abanyarwanda bitaga “ibuku” twagereranya n’indangamuntu y’iki gihe. Nyamara Abadage babanje mu Rwanda bo ntibigeze bashyira mu ibuku ubu bwoko.

Ngo hari abanyabwenge kimwe n’Abanyarwanda bashatse kuvuguruza Ababiligi bababwira ko bibeshye hari abantu bavukana bashyizwe mu bwoko butandukanye ariko abazungu banga kuva ku izima.

Mu gushakira umuti iki kibazo abazungu ngo bahimbye izindi mpamvu zabo aho bafataga abari abavandimwe ariko bashyizwe mu moko atandukanye maze umwe bakamwimura bakajya kumutuza kure y’umuryango we.

Rugano ati “uwari utuye nko mu Ruhengeri bamuvanagayo bakamutuza nka Nyamagabe kandi n’inka nke yari afite bakazimwambura kugirango akunde abe Umuhutu utindahaye, kuva ubwo ntiyongeraga kubonana n’abe kuko yasaga nk’ujugunwe”.

Umusaza Rugano akomeza avuga ko ibikorwa byose umuzungu yashakaga gukora yifashishaga Umututsi kugirango ajye ahindukira abwire Abahutu ko ari Abatutsi babibakorera.

Ati: “mwibuke ko Abatutsi nubwo bayoboraga sibo mu by’ukuri bayoboraga kuko n’umwami hari ibyemezo atari agifata byose byakorwa n’Ababiligi yaba ari shiku n’ikiboko”.

Aya moko ngo yakomejwe n’ubutegetsi bwagiyeho nyuma y’uko Abakoloni bavuye mu Rwanda ndetse bayagenderaho mu bikorwa byose akomeza no kwandikwa mu ndangamuntu no mu bindi byangombwa.

Prof. Shyaka Anastase, avuga ko kuba amoko ya cyera yagiye akendera ari uko nta kamaro yari afitiye Abanyarwanda. Akaba abona ko uko igihe kizagenda gishyira amoko y’Abahutu, Abatutsi n’Abatwa nayo azagenda akendera kuko nayo nta kamaro afitiye Abanyarwanda.

Ati: “kuba amoko ya cyera yaracyendereye ni uko ntawe yahaye inka ntagabanye kuko ari Umwega, Umucyaba cyangwa undi wese, igihe kizagera n’aya moko y’ubu nayo ashire kuko Leta ubu iri kugenda yubaka Ubunyarwanda”.

Prof. Shyaka akomeza avuga ko zimwe mu ngamba Leta yafashe zo kubaka igihugu kitagendera ku macakubiri, zirimo kubaka ingengabitekerezo y’Ubunyarwanda, ubushake bwa politike ari nabwo ngo bwa mbere kuko ngo politike ije yigisha Abanyarwanda ko bose ari bamwe, ikindi ngo ni imyumvire ya bamwe ku bandi.

Akomeza avuga ko mu gihe cya Jenoside kugirango bamwe mu Bahutu bice Abatutsi ari uko Ubunyarwanda bwari bwapfuye.

Igihe Ubunyarwanda buzaba bwongeye kubakwa neza ngo ni igihe Abanyarwanda bazaba bashakana hagati yabo nta mbogamizi ndetse bagakorana n’ibindi bikorwa bamwe batinya gukora batarebye ubwoko.

Icyizere agaragaza akaba ari uko bamwe mu bana bari kubyiruka iki gihe kuri ubu batazi amoko babarizwamo.

Amakimbirane ashingiye ku moko hagati y’Abahutu n’Abatutsi yakomeye cyane mu gihe cy’ubukoroni.

Mbere y’ubukorni, ubutegetsi bwari bushingiye ku kugenzura urwego rw’ubukungu rwari rushingiye ku nkingi eshatu arizo: umutungo w’ubutaka buhingwaho, amatungo n’umutekano.

Abanyarwanda bari bafite umuco umwe kuva mbere y’ubukoroni mu Rwanda. Bivugwa ko abahutu bageze mu Rwanda

Amakimbirane ashingiye ku moko hagati y’Abahutu n’Abatutsi yakomeye cyane mu gihe cy’ubukoroni. Mbere y’ubukorni, ubutegetsi bwari bushingiye ku kugenzura urwego rw’ubukungu rwari rushingiye ku nkingi eshatu arizo: umutungo w’ubutaka buhingwaho, amatungo n’umutekano.

Abanyarwanda bari bafite umuco umwe kuva mbere y’ubukoroni mu Rwanda. Bivugwa ko abahutu bageze mu Rwanda ahagana mu myaka 1,000 ishize, bakahasanga abatwa batuye. Abatutsi, bivugwa ko bageze mu guhugu imyaka 400 nyuma yaho (mu kinyejana cya 15) maze bafata umuco w’abahutu. Abatutsi bafashe ururimi ndetse bafata n’imihango n’imigenzo y’abahutu, kandi babanaga nabo. U Rwanda icyo gihe rwari “Imbaga y’inyabutatu,” (ni ukuvuga abatutsi, abahutu n’abatwa). Ururimi rw’ikinyarwanda ntirubafasha gusa gutumanaho ahubwo rubafasha kumva ibintu kimwe, bakagira icyerekezo kimwe kandi bakumva kimwe politiki y’igihugu.

Ikindi kandi ni uko Umuhango wo kwambaza Lyangombe (Imana abanyarwanda bakundaga kwiyambaza) cyari ikimenyetso cy’uko abanyarwanda bari bashyize hamwe mu bice bitandukanye mbere y’ubukoroni. Abatutsi abahutu n’abatwa babanaga neza, kandi bumvaga ko bagize umuryango umwe, ko bose bakomoka kuri Gihanga, wahanze u Rwanda nkuko babyemeraga. Amoko twayasangaga mu bice byose by’igihugu, nta karere runaka k’igihugu kari kihariye ubwoko runaka. Umuryango, imibanire ishingiye ku bukungu ndetse n’umuco nibyo byari ishingiro ry’umuryango nyarwanda wo hambere.

Imibereho n’imibanire mu rwego rw’ubukungu yaterwaga n’inka umuntu yoroye ndetse n’ubutaka afite. Uwabaga afite inka zirenze icumi yabaga yitwaga Umututsi, naho uwabaga afite nke cyangwa azirengeje ariko atunzwe ahanini n’ubuhinzi yitwaga umuhutu. Abari batunzwe no guhiga no gusoroma imbuto bitwaga abatwa. Mu gihe cy’imyaka 500, abake aribo borozi b’abatutsi nibo bategekaga abahinzi aribo bahutu

ndetse n’abahigi bakaba n’ababumbyi aribo batwa.

Ubukoroni bwazanye ibintu bishya byinshi byahungabanyije uburinganire mu muryango nyarwanda. Ubukoroni bw’abadage bwatangiye mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya 19 kugera mu 1916. Abakoroni b’abadage bemeraga ubutegetsi n’ububasha bw’umwami ku butaka. Ariko ababirigi bazanye impinduka zikomeye mu micungire y’igihugu ku buryo byagize ingaruka ku buryo bw’imiyoborere. U Rwanda rwahindutse indagano y’ububirigi bisabwe n’Umuryango mpuzamahanga nyuma y’Intambara ya Mbere y’Isi.

Abakoroni b’ababirigi bageze mu Rwanda mu 1916 bafashe abatutsi n’abahutu nk’ubwoko butandukanye maze batanga indangamuntu zibatandukanya. Bakuyeho ubutegetsi n’imiyoborere yari iriho maze bishyiriraho ubutegetsi bwabo. Ivugurura ryo mu 1926 ryagabanyije igihugu mo za sheferi maze rikuraho uburyo bwa kera aho umushefu yashoboraga kugira ibikingi mu bice bitandukanye by’igihugu bigatuma agira ububasha mu butegetsi bw’igihugu. Gukuraho iyo mitegekere mu kugenzura imicungire y’igihugu byahungabanyije cyane umuryango nyarwanda.

Abahutu bari bagize 84% by’abaturage, abatutsi aribo bake, nibo bari barize bagize 15%, n’aho abatwa bakaba 1%. Mu gihe kinini cy’ubukoroni, abategetsi b’ababirigi bakurikizaga ihame ryo kuvuga ko abatutsi bari hejuru y’abahutu, bashyiraho ubutegetsi bw’abatutsi bakuraho abashefu b’abahutu, batonesha abatutsi akaba aribo bashyira mu mashuri kandi bashyira mu myanya y’ubutegetsi bw’ubutaka mu maboko y’abatutsi. Ikindi twavuga ni uko politiki y’ababirigi yashyigikiye cyane irangamuntu y’ubwoko maze gutandukanya abantu bishingiye ku mibereho n’umutungo babisimbuza ivangura rishingiye ku bwoko. Nibwo rero mu 1959, babifashijwemo n’abakoroni b’ababirigi, abahutu bahiritse ubutegetsi bw’umwami bw’abatutsi maze bashyiraho ubutegetsi bwamaze imyaka 35 hategeka abahutu.

Mu 1959, ni ukuvuga imyaka itatu mbere y’u bwigenge bwatanzwe n’ababirigi, abahutu bakuyeho umwami w’umututsi. Mu 1962 u Rwanda rwabaye igihugu cyigenga kiyoborwa na Minisitiri w’intebe wa mbere ariwe Gregoire Kayibanda. Kuva icyo gihe hakomeje kuba amakimbirane hagati y’abategetsi bashya aribo bahutu, bari bagize umubare munini w’abaturage, n’abategetsi bari bavuyeho aribo batutsi, bari bagize umubare muto w’abaturage. Byarakomeje akaba ari nabyo byavuyemo iyicwa ry’abatutsi bageze ku 1000 mu 1963. Abatutsi bahunze kuva mu 1960 ntibigeze bemererwa kugaruka mu Rwanda bityo baguma mu buhungiro imyaka 30 batagira igihugu. Mu Rwanda hakomeje kuba ibikorwa byo guhungabanya uburenganzira bwa muntu mbere ya Jenoside yo muri Mata 1994.

Muri icyo gihe ibihumbi by’abatutsi barishwe, abandi bagera ku 150.000 bahungira mu bihugu bikikije u Rwanda. Abana b’izo mpunzi nibo nyuma bashinze inyeshyamba zitwa RPF (Rwandan Patriotic Front), batangira intambara mu 1990.

Kuva icyo gihe abanyarwanda batangiye kumwa badatekanye kubera ibi bikurikira:Gutera kwa FPR mu 1990, guhatira u Rwanda gushyiraho Gahunda y’ivugurura ry’imikorere y’inzego yatumye habaho umubare munini w’abashomeri mu mugi, guhatira u Rwanda politiki y’amashyaka menshi byatumye habaho

igabanuka ry’ubukungu. Bityo rero, byatumye abantu benshi bagaruka ku iturufu y’ubwoko bakabiterwamo inkunga n’abanyabolitiki ba ntibindeba.”

Ku itariki ya 6 Mata 1994, indege yari itwaye Perezida w’u Rwanda Juvenal Habyarimana yarahanuwe ubwo yiteguraga kugwa i Kigali maze ahita yitaba Imana. Ibi byabaye imbarutso ya Jenoside. Bivugwa ko Jenoside yateguwe kandi igashyirwa mu bikorwa na Leta kandi ugasanga ari ubugambanyi bwaranzwe n’ibikorwa by’ubugizi bwa nabi kuva mu 1959.

Bamwe mu bagize guverinoma, cyane cyane Minisitiri w’intebe bashinze imitwe yitwara gisirikare y’abahutu mu gihugu cyose kugirango bice abatutsi ku buryo buteguwe neza. Jenoside yatangiye muri Mata igeza muri Nyakanga 1994 ikaba yarahitanye inzirakarengane zigera kuri miliyoni mu minsi ijana. Abagabo, abagore n’abana bishwe urw’agashinyaguro. Abagore n’abakobwa bafashwe ku ngufu bakorerwa iyicarubozo. Abacitse ku icumu babayeho ubuzima bubi kandi barababara cyane iyo bibutse uburyo bafashwe ku ngufu, uko batemaguwe n’uko ababo bishwe.

Bamwe barokotse kuko bahunze bagasiga ibintu byabo maze imiryango yabo irahambirizwa. Abize, abagabo n’abagore, abana yemwe n’ababikira n’abapadiri biroshye mu bwicanyi. Abatutsi babamenyaga hifashishijwe indangamuntu kuri za bariyeri. Abaturage bishe inshuti kuko babikanguriwe na Leta ndetse na ba Burugumesitiri. Radiyo ya FPR Muhubara yagaragaje mu itangazamakuru ry’i Burayi ko ifite ingabo zifite disipuline, zifite icyo zirwanira, zihanganye na Leta irangwa n’imikorere mibi ishingiye kuri Jenoside nk’intwaro yo kuguma ku butegetsi.

Hagati aho Leta y’u Rwanda nayo yakoreshaga Radiyo y’urwango RTLM kugira ngo irusheho gukangurira abaturage kwica abatutsi benshi bashoboka. Leta muri poropagande yayo yitaga FPR ko ari inyenzi. Insengero zahindutse amabagiro n’ahakorwa ubugizi bwa nabi n’ubwicanyi bukomeye. Raporo ya Minisiteri y’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu muri raporo yayo yo mu 2002, yagaragaje ko cumi na rimwe ku ijana by’abazize Jenoside biciwe mu nsengero. Abahutu bangaga kwifatanya n’abandi muri ubwo bwicanyi nabo baricwaga. Ku rundi ruhande, ingabo zigizwe ahanini n’abatutsi za FPR, zahiritse ubutegetsi bw’abahutu maze zifata umujyi wa Kigali ku itariki ya 04 Nyakanga.

Abahutu bagera kuri miliyoni ebyiri bahise bahungira mu cyahoze cyitwa Zaire, ariyo Repubulika iharanira demokarasi ya Kongo (DRC), Burundi, Tanzania na Uganda. Nyuma y’iminsi cumi n’itanu, hashyizweho Guverinoma y’Ubumwe

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