Nyarushishi-1994: Ingabo z’Abafaransa mu bwicanyi no gusambanya Abatutsikazi

Abasirikare b’Abafaransa bageze i Nyarushishi tariki ya 23 Kamena 1994. Byavugwaga ko Operasiyo Turquoise yari ije cyane cyane gutabara abantu bari barahungiye mu nkambi ya Nyarushishi. Ariko ubuhamya bw’impunzi n’ubwa bamwe mu Nterahamwe zakoreye muri ako gace buvuga ko ahubwo Abatutsi bakomeje kwicwa n’Interahamwe, kandi ko abasirikare b’Abafaransa bafashe ku ngufu abagore n’abakobwa b’impunzi bavugaga ko baje kurinda.

Imiterere y’Inkambi ya Nyarushishi n’ibikorwa by’ubwicanyi byakorewe Abatutsi muri iyo nkambi

Nyarushishi yahoze ari inkambi yabagamo Abarundi bahunze 1993. Yazanywemo Abatutsi bavanywe mu Mujyi wa Kamembe i Cyangugu, hanahungira abarokotse ubwicanyi ahandi nka Mibilizi, Shangi, Nyamasheke, Kibogora,…

Abafaransa binjiye Cyangugu 23/6/1994 bahita bajya i Nyarushishi bashaka kwerekana ko ikibazanye ari ugutabara. Bari bakeneye icyo bereka Televiziyo z’iwabo kubera ko itangazamakuru ryanengaga Guverinoma y’Ubufaransa kuba yohereje abasilikare mu Rwanda gufasha Leta yakoraga Jenoside.

Abafaransa bakoreshaga amayeri yo kugaragaraza mu mahanga iyi nkambi ya Nyarushishi nk’ikimenyetso kerekana ko baje mu Rwanda kurokora abicwaga, nyamara ari uguhisha isura nyayo ya Turquoise yo gufasha Leta y’abicanyi. Ni nayo mpamvu basabye Guverinoma y’abatabazi ko inkambi ya Nyarushishi idakorwaho kugira ngo itangazamakuru mpuzamahanga, cyane cyane iryo mu Bufaransa, riyikoreshe mu kugaragaza iyo sura nziza.

I Nyarushishi habereye ibikorwa byinshi by’ubugome harimo gusambanya abakobwa ku gahato bikozwe n’abafaransa. Guhera muri 2005, bamwe mu bakobwa basambayijwe ku gahato i Nyarushishi na Murambi batanze ikirego mu Bufaransa kuri icyo cyaha bakorewe. Itangazamakuru ryabajije abari abayobozi b’ingabo z’Ubufaransa i Cyangugu icyo bavuga kuri ibyo birego, bagaragaza ko bishoboka ko icyo cyaha cyakozwe.

Colonel Didier TAUZIN wari ukuriye abasirikare bitwa COS bageze i Nyarushishi ku wa 23 kamena 1994, yatangarije ikinyamakuru “La Croix” muri 2011 aya magambo: “Ayo makuru ntayo nigeze menya mu gihe cya Turquoise. Twabaga turi kumwe n’abanyamakuru benshi; nta n’umwe muribo wigeze avuga ibyo bintu. Ariko sinakwemeza ijana ku ijana ko haba hatarabayeho ibyakorwa n’umusilikare ku giti cye.”

Naho Colonel Jacques HOGARD wayoboraga ingabo z’Ubufaransa muri Cyangugu mu gihe cya Turquoise yatangarije ikinyamakuru “Causette” muri 2011 ko: “Birashoboka ko habaho Abanyamwanda inyuma y’inzira. Niba byarabayeho, byakozwe na bake ku bwende bwabo, ntibyashyizweho na systeme yacu. Hari igihe namenyeshejwe ko abasilikare b’aba Legionnaires bibye amakaziye ya Byeri. Ariko sinemera ko habayeho gusambanya abakobwa ku ngufu.”

Iyi mvugo ubwayo irimo ikinyoma. Niba umuyobozi w’abasilikare b’Abafaransa yiyemerera ko ingabo yayoboraga zibaga amakaziye ya byeri, bivuze ko babaga bayambuye abaturage. Ni gute bari gutinya gusambanya abakobwa ku gahato niba bari n’ibisambo bigeza aho byiba Byeri? Izi mvugo zirerekana ko TAUZIN na HOGARD bazi neza ibyaha byakozwe n’abasilikare bari bayoboye.

General Jean-Claude LAFOURCADE wari umuyobozi mukuru wa Turquoise yose asa n’uwemera ko habayeho gusambanya abagore n’abakobwa ku gahato mu nkambi za Nyarushishi na Murambi bikozwe n’abasilikare babo ariko agasa nk’aho abitesha agaciro avuga ngo: “Nta gusambanya ku gahato byakozwe mu buryo bwa rusange. “Bishatse kumvisha ko yemera ko gusambanya abakobwa ku gahato byakozwe ariko akagabanya ubukana bwabyo yishingikirije gusa ko ngo bitakozwe ku mabwiriza y’ubuyobozi bw’ingabo kandi mu buryo bwa rusange.

I Nyarushishi kandi Colonel Thibault yahatangarije amagambo agaragaza ubufatanyacyaha n’Interahamwe n’abandi bajenosideri. Urugero ni amagambo yabwiye umunyamakuru Raymond BONNER wandikaga muri New York Times ku wa 28/06/1994 amubajije impamvu Interahamwe zikomeza gukikiza inkambi ya Nyarushishi kandi Abafaransa ntibazirukane. Thibault yarashubije ngo: “Nta misiyo dufite yo kwambura imbunda Interahamwe”. Byasohotse muri New York Times yo ku wa 29/06/1994”.

Ikindi kibabaje ni uburyo abakozi ba Croix Rouge bagiye bagira uruhare mu kwica no kwicisha Abatutsi bavanwaga mu nkambi ya Nyarushishi. Uwavuzwe cyane ni uwitwa HATEGEKIMANA Saadi watangaga Abatutsi abaha interahamwe zikabica kandi yari umukozi wa Croix Rouge.

Mu Nkambi ya Nyarushishi Abatutsi biciwe mu maso y’abasirikare b’Abafaransa bavugaga ko baje kubarinda

Inkambi ya Nyarushishi yari irinzwe n’abasirikare b’Abafaransa bazengurutswe na za bariyeri z’Interahamwe n’abasirikare ba Leta. Impunzi zahabwaga amafunguro ariko zidashobora gusohoka kujya gushaka inkwi zo guteka hanze y’inkambi.

Umutangabuhamya yavuze ibikurikira :

Umunsi umwe, abasore batatu bavumbuwe n’Interahamwe mu mirima y’icyayi biruka bagana mu nkambi, bakurikiwe n’Interahamwe. Babashije kwinjira mu nkambi ya Nyarushishi Ariko umuyobozi w’abajandarume wari uhari yinjira mu nkambi abavanamo arabajyana . Abafaransa bari bahari babirebera ntacyo bakoze. Ntabwo twongeye kubona abo basore batatu».

Ku barokotse benshi i Nyarushishi, « Abafaransa bakingiye ikibaba ubwicanyi n’iyica rubozo byakozwe n’Interahamwe ku Batutsi. Abenshi mu Batutsi bifuzaga guhungira mu nkambi bafatwaga n’Interahamwe kuko bagombaga byanze bikunze kunyura kuri za bariyeri zari zirinze, […]

Hari Interahamwe yavuze ko abasirikare b’abafaransa babasabye kwica umuntu wese ushaka kwinjira mu nkambi.

“Twari turinze bariyeri nko kuri metero igihumbi uvuye aho Abafaransa bari bakambitse. Kuri iyo bariyeri twahiciye abantu benshi kandi Abafaransa bazaga kutubaza uko bimeze. Twabasobanuriye ko twishe Abatutsi badusaba kutemerera undi muntu wese kwinjira mu nkambi kandi ko twagombaga kwica abashaka kwinjira mu nkambi nyuma. » Nyuma yuko duhabwa ayo mabwiriza twishe umugore n’umwana we w’umukobwa, n’umusore. Ntabwo nari mbazi, bavugaga ko bavuye ahitwa K’Uwinteko. Twishe kandi n’Abatutsi basohokaga mu nkambi bagiye gushaka inkwi, barimo uwitwa Charles, umuhungu wa Sembeba. Nyuma yo kubica, twabajugunye mu mwobo wari hafi ya bariyeri. Abafaransa baje kutureba batubwira ko turi abasirikare ba nyabo. Mu kuduhemba, baduhaye ku mafunguro yabo. Baraduherekezaga iyo twakoraga amarondo mw’ijoro. Nyuma yuko FPR itsinda, Abafaransa batubuzaga gukomeza kwica Abatutsi ngo FPR itazihorera. Batugiriye inama yo guhunga, batubwira ko FPR yatwica, bakarakara cyane iyo abantu batindaga mu mazu”

Abasirikare b’Abafaransa bafashe ku ngufu abagore b’Abtutsikazi bari barahungiye mu Nyambi ya Nyarushishi

Bamwe mu babikorewe bavuze ko bafashwe ku ngufu n’abasirikare b’abafaransa mu nkambi ya Nyarushishi :

“[…] Abafaransa bafashe ku ngufu Claudine bakuranwa. Yari afite hagati y’imyaka 14 na 15 muri 1994, byatumye ahahamuka ku buryo yasaze. Banafashe ku ngufu Umulisa, mushiki wa Oscar. Babicaga urubozo bagashyira urusenda mu myanya y’igitsina. Bafashe ku ngufu abakobwa benshi ariko tutibuka amazina yabo.”

“Abasirikare b’abafaransa banafashe ku ngufu abakobwa bavanye muri EAV Ntendezi, bazaga kubatwara mu nkambi. Kugira ngo bababure, abo bakobwa bajyaga kuryama ahandi kugira ngo batababona.”

Abasirikare b’Abafaransa bafashe ku ngufu abakobwa hanze y’inkambi ya Nyarushishi, kuri stade Kamarampaka. Umwe muri bo yavuze ibikurikira :

«Abafaransa bari bakambitse kuri stade Kamarampaka bafashe ku ngufu abakobwa n’abagore b’Abatutsikazi mu gihe cya operasiyo Turquoise. Badusabye kubashakira abakobwa n’abagore b’Abatutsikazi, bamwe muri bo bararokotse. » Twagombaga kubashakira Abatutsikazi kuko bavugaga ko bimenyekanye ko babafashe ku ngufu nta bibazo bagira, byari bibujijwe kubazanira Abahutukazi. Ubwa mbere nabashyiriye abakobwa babiri bo mu myaka hagati ya 14 na 15 kuri stade Kamarampaka. Uwa mbere twari twamukuye ku irimbi rya Mururu, yitwaga M Beata. Kubera ko twari tuzi ko ari Umututsikazi twaramufashe tumujyana kuri stade Kamarampaka aho abasirikare b’abafaransa bamufashe ku ngufu. Nyuma baramudusubije batwingingira kutamwica.»

Abasirikare b’Abafaransa bafashe Abatutsikazi mu nkambi ya Nyarushishi babagira abaja babo bafata ku ngufu

Abatsutsikazi benshi bo mu nkambi ya Nyarushishi bagizwe abaja bo gufatwa ku ngufu. Abasirikare b’abafaransa bahoraga bafata ku ngufu Abatutsikazi bagumanye nabo igihe bari mu nkambi ya Nyarushishi.

Umwe muri bo mu barokotse yavuze ibikurikira:

“Abafaransa baje nyuma ya saa sita Bavugamenshi adusaba kabakirana ibyishimo tubyina. Bahageze, Abafaransa bazengurutse inkambi bafata amafoto. Nyuma y’iminsi itatu, bari bamaze kumenya aho abakobwa bari. Ku munsi wa kane, abarebye aho abakobwa bari bazanye na bagenzi babo bajyana abakobwa babafata ku ngufu.”

(…) Ku giti cyanjye, nabonye akaga katabaho mu gufatwa ku ngufu. Banyambitse ubusa, bamfata ku ngufu ari bane bose, banyarukanwaho (…) nari kumwe n’abandi Batutsikazi, bazaga kudutwara saa kumi za mu gitondo bakatugarura bucyeye. Rimwe na rimwe bazaga mu gitondo kudutwara bakanagaruka bugorobye. Iyo twageragezaga kwihisha, bashakaga abantu bo kuduhiga hose no kutugarura (…) byabaye mu gihe cyose bari mu nkambi ya Nyarushishi (…) kubera ibyo bikorwa by’urugomo byahoragaho, narwaye indwara yo mu myanya y’igitsina. Iyo nibukaga ko bongereye ku byo Interahamwe zankoreye, nataga umutwe nkashaka kwiyahura. Kuba nari mfite umwana nitagaho nibyo byatumye nifata. »

Abatutsi bo mu nkambi ya Nyarushishi barokowe na Colonel Innocent Bavugamenshi

Kuba Abatutsi barabashije kuticwa n’interahamwe i Nyarushishi byagizwemo uruhare na Colonel Innocent BAVUGAMENSHI wayoboraga jandarumori i Cyangugu. Yanze kwijandika muri jenoside, afata abajandarume yizeye, abashinga kurinda inkambi ya Nyarushishi, bagahangana n’Interahamwe kugeza Abafaransa baje. Yitabye Imana nyuma ya Jenoside azize indwara ari mu ngabo z’igihugu za Leta y’Ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda.

Urugero rw’uko abasirikare b’abafaransa bifashe mu buryo burangwa n’ibyaha mu nkambi ya Nyarushishi byerekana ko ibyari byabazanye muri Operasiyo Turquoise ntaho bihuriye n’ubutabazi, kandi ko byari bijyanye n’inkunga ya gisirikare Ubufaransa butahwemye guha Guverinoma y’abicanyi n’abasirikare bayo.

Nyarushishi yaranzwe n’iyo myifatire, ariko no mu bindi bice nka Murambi na Bisesero habereye ubwicanyi n’iyica rubozo bihagarariwe n’abasirikare b’abafaransa.

Dr BIZIMANA Jean Damascene, Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa wa Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo kurwanya Jenoside, CNLG