Igice Cya 6: Ibintu Wamenya Kuri Leta z’Abasoviyeti zibarutse Igihugu Cy’igihangange Nk’Uburusiya

Ubumwe bwa repubulika za gisosiyalisiti z’Abasoviyeti (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, USSR cg Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques, URSS) zari ihuriro rya Repubulika 15 zunze ubumwe, zihuje ku mugaragaro.

Ubushize twasubikiyeaho Gorbachev yari atangiye kugaragara ko nta mbaraga agifite,biba ngombwa ko ahita yegura ku mwanya nk’umunyamabanga mukuru w’ubumwe bw’Abasoviyeti mu mpera z’ukwa munani 1991 ndetse bisa nk’aho n’ibikorwa by’ishyaka bihagaze burundu bivuze ko ubutegetsi bwari bugeze ku umusozo, yari Asigaranye Uburusiya avukamo kandi na bwo bwari bufite Yeltsin, wari waratowe nka Perezida mu kwa Karindwi, 1991.

Dukomereje ku maherezo y’ubumwe bw’abasoviyeti

Hari hakiri Leta 12 zakomeje guhanyanyaza zivuga ko zakongera kwihuza zigasigasira amahame y’Abasoviyeti ba Kera yaremberaga. Gusa zose byageze mu kwa 12 zose zatangaje ubwigenge. Ibyari iby’abasoviyeti I Moscow bikoreshwa nk’iby’Uburusiya. Nta yandi mahitamo yari ahari.

Ibintu byaje guhumira ku mirarai ubwo tariki ya Mbere Ukuboza, 1991 igihugu cya Ukraine cyazaga ku mwanya wa kabiri mu kugira ijambo inyuma y’Uburusiya na cyo cyatangaje ubwigenge; amahirwe yo kwihuza yari ageze ku musozo.Tariki 8 Ukuboza, 1991 Abaperezida b’Uburusiya, Ukraine na Belarus basinye amasezerano ya Belavezha, yemezaga isenyuka burundu ry’Ubumwe bw’Abasoviyeti.

Hakajyaho (Commonwealth of Independent States, (CIS); Leta zigenga zizajya zihuzwa n’iby’ubuhahirane, mbese nk’iyi miryango tubona ubu ariko nta bumwe buhari bahujwe n’inyungu gusa.Biga uko uyu muryango wayoborwa, tariki 21 Ukuboza 1991 abahagarariye Leta Zose ukuyemo Georgia ititabiriye, basinye amasezerano Alma-Ata Protocol bemeza ko buri gihugu kizajya kigira ugihagararira.

Kuri Noheri yo mu 1991, nk’indunduro, Gorbachev yeguye ku mwanya wa Perezida w’Ubumwe bw’Abasoviyeti muri rusange avuga ko uwo mwanya uvuyeho burundu. Iryo joro ibendera ry’abasoviyeti rirurutswa hazamurwa iry’amabara atatu ry’abarusiya mu mwanya waryo mu Murwa mukuru Moscow.

Ku munsi wakurikiyeho, ni ukuvuga tariki 26, Ukuboza guverinoma y’ubumwe bw’abasoviyeti n’ubumwe bw’abasoviyeti hatowe ko bitakiriho, ko bigiye mu ruzinduko n’ubu ntibiragaruka.

Byarashojwe mu yandi magambo, abagize amahirwe bahawe imyanya mu bihugu bari bahagarariye abandi bihangira imirimo. Abasirikare basubiye mu bihugu bakomokamo, inzego nyinshi zakoreraga Moscow ziba iz’Abarusiya, izo badafashe zirasenyuka.

Tariki 26 Ukuboza 1991, igihugu cy’Uburusiya cyatangiwe kwemerwa ku Isi yose ndetse cyemera no kwishyura imyenda myinshi yari ifitwe n’abasoviyeti ndetse n’imitungo myinshi y’abasoviyeti mu mahanga iba iy’Uburusiya.

Ndetse mu masezerano yo 1992 yiswe Lisbon Protocol, yemeje bidasubirwaho ko intwaro kirimbuzi z’abasoviyeti ziba iz’Uburusiya kuko bwemeye kuriha imyenda yose y’Abasoviyeti n’ubwo Ukraine itabyemeraga kubera ko yashakaga imitungo yayo yabaga mu mahanga. Yumvaga na yo yabonaho.

Ingaruka ku isenyuka ry’ubumwe

Byateje ikibazo gikomeye kubona abari bamwe batana.Habaye izahara ry’ubukungu mu ma Leta menshi yari mu bumwe bw’Abasoviyeti.Ubukene bwaravugirije, ibyaha biriyongera ahatandukanye kandi mu buryo butandukanye kuko inzego nyinshi zari zitarahama mu bihugu byasaga n’ibivutse, ruswa yashinze imizi ahenshi, Ubishomeri buvuza ubuhuha kuri bamwe, abenshi baba inzererezi, indwara z’ibyorezo zirabata, habaho guhanama gukomeye hagati y’umukene n’umukire, abantu batangira kwikunda bwa buzima bwo gukomatanya buhinduka inzozi.

Ikizere cyo kubaho kiragabanuka, ubujiji burazamuka kuri bamwe. Abapfa babaye benshi, imibereho yari yahindutse, habibwaga umutima w’ubwikunde no guharanira utwawe kurusha utw’abandi.

Capitalisme yari iri kwigarurira imitima ya benshi. Mu Burusiya, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania na Estonia ubushomeri bwikubye gatatu ndetse inzara no kwiheba bihitana benshi biganjemo abagabo. Uburusiya uwavuga ko bwungukiye mu gusenyuka kwa Leta zunze ubumwe bw’Abasoviyeti, hari uburyo runaka ataba abeshye.

Ambasade z’abasoviyeti bwarazigumanye, kuba Ubumwe bw’Abasoviyeti bwaragiraga ikicaro gihoraho mu kanama ka ONU byasigaranywe n’Abarusiya, n’ibindi.

Dore ibihugu byari bigize ubumwe bw’abasoviyeti:Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Belarus, Moldova, Ukraine, Russia, Armenia, Azerbaijan na Georgia.

Tuzakomeza ntuzacikwe ibikurikiraho…………………

Ibice byabaje:<Igice cya3 :Ibintu wamenya kuri Leta z’Abasoviyeti zibarutse igihugu cy’igihangange nk’Uburusiya

<Igice cya 2:Ibintu wamenya kuri Leta z’Abasoviyeti zibarutse igihugu cy’igihangange nk’Uburusiya

< Ibintu wamenya kuri Leta z’Abasoviyeti zibarutse igihugu cy’igihangange nk’Uburusiya[Igice cya Mbere]

Richard Ruhumuriza/MUHABURA.RW