Guca imbyaro bihindura iki ku mubiri w’umugore cyangwa umukobwa?

Guca imbyaro ni igihe imihango ku bagore n’abakobwa ihagarara bakaba batagishoboye gusama inda mu buryo busanzwe bwa kamere – ariko ni ikihe kindi kiba ku mubiri wabo, kandi biterwa n’iki?

Guca imbyaro – cyangwa kugera muri ménopause – ni igihe gisanzwe cyo gusaza kibaho hagati y’imyaka 45 na 55 y’amavuko, ariko gishobora no guterwa no kubagwa mu dusabo tw’intanga-ngore cyangwa nyababyeyi.

Mu Bwongereza, muri rusange igihe cyo guca imbyaro kiba umuntu ageze ku myaka 51 y’amavuko.

Ni iki rero gitera iyi mpinduka?

Imisemburo, by’umwihariko umwe witwa oestrogen.

Ni ingenzi kuri buri kwezi ko kororoka – gukura no gusohoka kw’igi riva mu dusabo tw’intanga-ngore biba buri kwezi no korohera kwa nyababyeyi yiteguye kwakira iryo gi.

Ariko uko abagore bakura ndetse amagi bafite mu bubiko akagabanuka, igihe cy’uburumbuke, imihango no gutwita birahagarara.

Nuko n’umubiri ukagenda urekeraho gutanga umusemburo wa oestrogen, ari wo ugenga ibyo byose.

Ariko ibi ntibihita biba mu kanya nk’ako guhumbya.

Bitwara imyaka myinshi kugira ngo ingano y’uyu musemburo w’ingenzi igabanuke igere ku gipimo cyo hasi – nuko ugakomeza kuguma kuri icyo kigero cyo hasi.

Uko udusabo tw’intanga-ngore dukomeza gutera amagi macye uko abagore bakomeza gukura mu myaka, ni nako umubiri ukora umusemburo mucye wa oestrogen

Ni izihe ngaruka impinduka z’imisemburo zitera?

Ni ingaruka zikomeye cyane.

Ubwonko, uruhu, imitsi ndetse n’amarangamutima, byose bigirwaho ingaruka n’igabanuka ry’umusemburo wa oestrogen.

Umubiri ushobora gutangira kwitwara mu buryo butandukanye cyane ndetse abagore benshi babona ibimenyetso mbere cyane yuko imihango ihagarara by’ukuri – mu gihe kizwi nk’ikibanziriza guca imbyaro (peri-menopause).

Guhinda umuriro, kubira ibyuya nijoro, kubura ibitotsi, guhangayika, gucika intege ndetse no kudashaka gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina, ni bimwe mu bimenyetso bikunze guhurirwaho na benshi.

Kugira ibibazo mu ruhago rw’inkari no kuma mu mwanya ndangagitsina nabyo ni bimwe mu bimenyetso bigaragara muri iki gihe.

Uwufise ububasha kw’isanamuGETTY IMAGES Image caption Amagufa acika intege nyuma yo guca imbyaro, bikongera ibyago by’indwara yo gucukuka kw’amagufa izwi nka osteoporosis

Iyo gukorwa k’umusemburo wa oestrogen guhagaze burundu, bigira ingaruka y’igihe kirekire ku magufa no ku mutima. Amagufa ashobora kugira intege nke, bikoroha ko amagufa avunika, ndetse abagore bagashobora kuba barwara kurushaho indwara y’umutima n’iy’imitsi yo mu bwonko.

Ni yo mpamvu abagore bahabwa ubuvuzi bwo gusimbura uwo musemburo (hormone replacement therapy, HRT), wongera ikigero cy’umusemburo wa oestrogen ugafasha koroshya ibimenyetso.

Ariko abagore bose si ko bagaragaza ibimenyetso. Ndetse n’iyo bigaragaye, bishobora no gutandukana mu gukomera kwabyo ndetse n’ingano y’igihe bimara – kuva ku mezi macye kugera ku myaka myinshi.

Ni iki rero gitera guhinda umuriro?

Ni ukugabanuka k’umusemburo wa oestrogen. Uyu musemburo ugira uruhare mu mikorere y’igice cyo mu bwonko kigenzura ubushyuhe mu mubiri kizwi nka thermostat.

Ubusanzwe, umubiri uhangana neza n’imihindagurikire y’ubushyuhe, ariko iyo uyu musemburo wa oestrogen ari mucye, thermostat ntikora neza, bigatuma ubwonko bwibwira ko umubiri ufite ubushyuhe bwinshi cyane kandi atari ko bimeze.

Kugabanuka kwa oestrogen mbere na nyuma yo guca imbyaro bigira ingaruka ku bwonko no ku mubiri mu buryo bwinshi

Umusemburo wa oestrogen ugira ingaruka ku kuntu wiyumva umerewe mu mubiri?

Yego, birashoboka.

Uyu musemburo ukorana n’ibinyabutabire byo mu bwonko bigenzura uko umuntu yiyumva, kandi iyo ubaye mucye, ushobora guteza guhangayika no kumva umuntu atameze neza muri we (nta “morale”).

Kubura oestrogen kandi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku ruhu, bigatuma rukanyarara cyangwa umuntu akiyumva ari nkaho hari udukoko turi kumutondagira imbere mu ruhu.

Hari indi misemburo ibigiramo uruhare?

Yego, umusemburo wa progesterone na testosterone – ariko yombi ntabwo igira uruhare runini nk’urwo igabanuka rya oestrogen rigira.

Umusemburo wa progesterone buri kwezi ufasha umubiri kwitegura gutwita, kandi ugahagarara iyo imihango ihagaze.

Umusemburo wa testosterone, abagore bagira ku bucye, watangajwe ko ugira uruhare mu gushaka gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina no kugira imbaraga.

Urahagarara guhera mu myaka ya za 30 y’amavuko kuzamura hejuru, kandi umubare muto w’abagore bakenera kuwongererwa.

None wamenya gute ko ugeze muri iki gihe?

Birashoboka kwipimisha amaraso ukareba ibipimo by’umusemburo bizwi nka FSH (follicle-stimulating hormones), ariko ntabwo bigaragaza neza neza uko umusemburo uhagaze, by’umwihariko ku bagore barengeje imyaka 45 y’amavuko.

Impuguke zivuga ko ibigero by’uyu musemburo iteka bihora bizamuka ubundi bikamanuka, mu gihe cy’umunsi, rero ibizamini ntibishobora gutahura neza neza ikibitera.

Icyaba cyiza kurushaho ni ukubwira muganga igihe ubonera imihango ndetse niba hari impinduka, no kumubwira ibimenyetso ibyo ari byo byose ushobora kuba ubona.

Guhinda umuriro ni ikimenyetso gikunze kuboneka iyo guca imbyaro byegereje

umenya ibimenyetso ugomba kureba ni ingenzi – kumva ucitse intege no kurakazwa n’ubusa nabyo bigomba kuzirikanwa cyo kimwe no guhinda umuriro ndetse no kubira ibyuya nijoro.

Kugira impinduka mu mihango – kwiyongera kwayo cyangwa ikarushaho kutabonekera ku gihe – ni kimwe mu bimenyetso bya mbere byuko guca imbyaro byegereje.

Mbere yuko umara umwaka wose nta mihango ubonye, ntabwo uba ushobora kumenya by’ukuri ko wageze mu gihe cyo guca imbyaro.

None hakurikiraho iki?

Ibigero by’umusemburo wa oestrogen mu mubiri ntabwo bigaruka nyuma yo kugera mu gihe cyo gucura cyangwa guca imbyaro.

Mu gihe icyizere cyo kubaho gikomeje kwiyongera, abagore ubu basigaye babaho mu gihe kirenga kimwe cya gatatu cy’ubuzima bwabo bafite ikibazo cy’ibura ry’umusemburo wa oestrogen.

Ariko nta mpamvu yuko umuntu yagira ubwoba, nkuko bivugwa na Dr Heather Currie, umuganga w’indwara z’abagore ndetse akaba ari n’impuguke mu bijyanye no guca imbyaro, akaba yarahoze akuriye n’umuryango w’ibyo guca imbyaro w’Ubwongereza.

Yagize ati: “Abagore bakomeje gukora kugeza babaye bakuru, baracyagaragara neza – ishusho yahabwaga guca imbyaro irimo guhinduka”.

Inama agira abagore: “Niba wagezweho [no guca imbyaro], jya kwa muganga umuhe amakuru yuko bimeze”.”Abagore bakwiye kumenya ibimenyetso bakwiye kureba”

Madamu Currie avuga ko hari ubufasha bwinshi n’amakuru byo gufasha abagore mu guhangana n’impinduka haba ku mubiri no mu marangamutima yabo, bitewe no guca imbyaro.

Gusimbuza umusemburo (hormone replacement treatment, HRT) wa oestrogen bibonwa nk’uburyo bw’ingirakamaro cyane kurusha ubundi bwose buriho ku bijyanye n’ibimenyetso byo guca imbyaro.

Hakomeje kugibwa impaka ku mutekano wo gukoresha ubwo buryo mu gihe kirambye, ndetse bushobora kugira ingaruka zimwe na zimwe, ariko Dr Currie avuga ko byagaragaye ko “ibyiza bya HRT biruta kure ibibi byayo”.

Yongeraho ko kuganira n’abandi bagore bari mu gihe cyo gucura kandi bari kugaragaza ibimenyetso nk’ibyawe nabyo bifasha cyane.

Ndetse gucura ni indi mpamvu nziza yo gutuma abagore babaho mu buryo bwiza bakora ibi bikurikira:

1.Barya indyo yuzuye, irimo ibinyamavuta bicye ndetse yiganjemo ikinyabutabire cya calcium cyo gukomeza amagufa no kurinda umutima

2.Bakora imyitozo ngororangingo buri gihe, byo kugabanya guhangayika, guta umutwe ndetse byo kwirinda n’indwara y’umutima

3.Bareka kunywa itabi, byo kwirinda indwara y’umutima no guhinda umuriro

4.Batanywa inzoga cyane, byo kurinda guhinda umuriro

Gukora ibyo bintu bizafasha kugabanya ingaruka zo guca imbyaro bigira ku mubiri.

Chief editor/MUHABURA• RW