Amateka: Amatsiko n’impungenge byari byose ku banyarwanda bifuzaga kumenya umusimbura wa Rudahigwa dore ko nta mwana yari asize

Tariki 28 Nyakanga 1958, ibihumbi by’abanyarwanda byari biteraniye i Mwima ya Nyanza, mu muhango wo gutabariza Umwami Mutara II Rudahigwa wari umaze iminsi itatu atanze amarabira, aguye i Bujumbura mu Burundi.

Umuhango wari witabiriwe n’Umubiligi Jean Paul Harroy wari Guverineri wa Ruanda -Urundi icyo gihe.

Amatsiko n’impungenge byari byose ku banyarwanda bifuzaga kumenya umusimbura wa Rudahigwa dore ko nta mwana yari asize.

Imihango yo gutabariza Rudahigwa irangiye, Abatware barimo Kayumba Michel, Kayihura Alexandre na RUKEBA François batangaje ko umwami mushya ari Ndahindurwa Jean Batiste, umusore w’imyaka 23 wari umukarani w’ababiligi i Butare, wahise ahabwa izina rya Kigeli V Ndahindurwa.

Byatunguye ababiligi kuko ntibari biteze ko hari undi mwami u Rwanda ruzagira. Ibyo babishingiraga ku mvururu zari zimaze iminsi mu gihugu, abahutu bashaka ubutegetsi n’ubwigenge, abatutsi n’abandi bashyigikiye umwami.

Iyo ntebe Kigeli ntiyayimazeho kabiri kuko muri Nyakanga 1960, yahejejwe ishyanga ubwo yari yagiye mu ruzinduko i Kinshasa akabuzwa kugaruka.

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Kigeli yimye ingoma igihugu kiri mu mvururu

Kigeli V Ndahindurwa yimye ingoma igihugu kirimo imvururu. Abatutsi mu mpande zimwe na zimwe bari batangiye gutwikirwa inzu no kwicwa, abahutu bashaka ubwigenge no gukuraho ubwami.

Yimitswe mu gihe bwa mbere mu Rwanda hari hatangiye kuvuka amashyaka arimo Aprosoma ya Habyarimana Joseph Gitera na Parmehutu ya Kayibanda Grégoire, yari ashyigikiye Repubulika ndetse na UNAR na RADER yari ashyigikiye ubwami.

Tariki 25 Nzeri 1959, Guverinoma y’u Bubiligi yarebereraga u Rwanda yasohoye iteka rivugurura imikorere n’imitegekere y’igihugu, ibyari sheferi (Chefferie) na su-sheferi (sous-Chefferies) bihindurwamo za komini.

Iteka ryasabye kandi ko hajyaho Inama Nkuru y’igihugu ikajya igira inama umwami mu bijyanye na politi. Banasabye amashyaka yari amaze iminsi ashinzwe mu gihugu kwitegura amatora ya Komine yagombaga kuba mu mwaka ukurikiyeho.

Tariki 6 Gashyantare 1960 hashyizweho Inama nkuru y’igihugu yari igizwe n’abantu babiri baturutse mu mashyaka ane yari akomeye mu gihugu.

Ubwo yateranaga bwa mbere, iyo nama yatanze ibyifuzo-nama ku mwami Kigeli, ko kugira ngo u Rwanda rugire amahoro, Umwami yimukira i Kigali akajya akurikiranira hafi politiki y’igihugu. Yasabwe gukuraho Inteko y’abiru yari ishinzwe ubujyanama n’amabanga y’ibwami, agakuraho n’ingoma ngabe Kalinga.

Amaze kumva inama yagiriwe, Umwami Kigeli yarabyanze dore ko n’iyo Nama Nkuru y’Igihugu we atayemeraga.

Amatora y’abayobozi ba za Komine yagombaga kuba muri Kamena 1960, ishyaka rya UNAR risaba ko hongerwa igihe kugira ngo ryitegure, ariko abakoloni barabyanga.

Amatora y’abayobozi ba za Komine yabaye tariki 26 na 27 Kamena 1960, mu myanya 3125 yahatanirwaga, ishyaka MDR Parmehutu ryegukanyemo imyanya 2390, ni ukuvuga 70 %.

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Umwami yabujijwe kugaruka, abyumvira kuri radiyo

Muri Nyakanga uwo mwaka, Umwami Kigeli yumvise ko Umunyamabanga Mukuru wa Loni, Dag Hammarskjöld azaba ari i Léopoldville (Kinshasa) muri Congo, asaba Guverineri Harroy pasiporo ngo azagende bahure, amugezeho ikibazo cy’abanyarwanda kuko yabonaga ko ababiligi batazagikemura.

Mu kiganiro mu kiganiro yagiranye n’ikinyamakuru PoplmpressKA mu 2016, Kigeli yagize ati “Nasabye Guverineri abanza kwanga kumpa pasiporo ndetse biraruhanya, nyuma aranyemerera ati genda, nsanga n’indege igiye guhaguruka. Nari ngiye kubabwira ibibazo by’ababiligi ko bimaze kurenga. Mu cyumweru kimwe ngiye gusubira iwacu, Radiyo Rwanda iravuga ngo Kigeli ntashobora kugaruka mu Rwanda.”

Kigeli yavuze ko amaze no kurira indege, ababiligi bohereje abasirikare bo kumutangira ngo bamugarure ariko umupilote arabyanga.

Ati “Ngeze no ku ndege, Guverineri yohereje abakomando b’ababiligi barayigota ngo nimvemo, pilote aranga, arababwira ngo niba banshaka baze kumfatira Kinshasa.”

Kigeli amaze kubuzwa kwinjira mu Rwanda, Ababiligi bandikiye Loni bavuga ko yahunze, kandi ko naramuka agarutse akagira icyo aba batazababizwa.

Kigeli yafashe indege imuvana Kinshasa imujyana i Dar es Salaam muri Tanzania mu buhungiro.

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Yinjiye mu gihugu rwihishwa, babimenye bamusubiza hanze

Ubwo yari yo, ibyegera bye n’abandi bamukundaga biyemeje kumwinjiza mu Rwanda mu ibanga, maze bamushyira mu ngobyi baza bamuhetse nk’umubyeyi utwite.

Mu muhango wo gutabariza Kigeli muri Mutarama 2017, Pasiteri Ezra Mpyisi yagize ati “Bamuhetse nk’umubyeyi mu ngobyi bamwambitse imyenda, batanga ruswa ku basirikare barindaga ku Kagera arambuka, bamushyira mu modoka bamuzana i Kigali mu nzu ya Rukeba i Nyamirambo.”

“Inkuru imaze kugera ku bazungu, bamushyize mu ndege bamujyana i Bujumbura. Nyerere avuga ko nibagira icyo bamukoraho afunga ibicuruzwa byanyuraga Tanganyika biza mu Rwanda n’i Burundi, baratinya bamusubiza Dar es Salaam.”

Kigeli amaze kugera mu buhungiro, yakomeje kwandikira Loni ayimenyesha ikibazo kiri mu gihugu, bituma tariki 20 Ukuboza 1960, Loni itora imyanzuro itandukanye irimo gusubika amatora ya kamarampaka yagombaga kuba mu ntangiriro za 1961, inategeka ko Kigeli yemererwa kugaruka mu gihugu.

Nyuma yo kumva iyo myanzuro, amashyaka yari ashyigikiwe n’abahutu, Parmehutu na Aprosoma yateguye inama idasanzwe tariki 28 Mutarama 1961, ihuriza hamwe abayobozi bo muri za komine bari baherutse gutorwa.

Iyo nama yabereye i Gitarama yasize ikuyeho ubwami ibusimbuza Repubulika, ingoma Kalinga isumbuzwa ibendera mu cyiswe ‘Coup d’Etat’ y’i Gitarama.

Iyo Coup d’Etat yakozwe ngo iburizemo uruzinduko rwa Komisiyo ya Loni rwari rugamije kuganira n’impande zombi ku bibazo bya politiki biri mu gihugu mbere y’amatora.

Tariki 25 Nzeri 1961, imbere y’indorerezi za Loni mu Rwanda habaye amatora ya kamarampaka, hafi 80% by’abayitabiriye bemeza ko badashaka Kigeli n’ubwami.

Icyakora nubwo ayo matora yabaye, Kigeli yavuze ko habayemo uburiganya kuko mbere yari yasabye ko kugira ngo amatora azabe mu mucyo agomba kwemererwa gutaha kandi n’izindi mpunzi ziri hanze zigataha.

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Ababiligi bakoze igishoboka cyose ngo ubwami buveho

Mu gutabariza Kigeli, Pasiteri Mpyisi yavuze ko yanzwe n’ababiligi kuva ku munsi wa mbere atangazwa nk’umwami.

Yavuze ko icyo gihe ku itabaro Guverineri Harroy yanze Kigeli kuko bamuhisemo batagishijwe inama, ariko abiru, abatware n’abaturage bamubera ibamba.

Tariki 29 Kanama 1960, Colonel Guy Logiest wari ushinzwe ibya gisirikare mu Rwanda yandikiye Minisitiri w’u Bubiligi wari ushinzwe Afurika, Schrijver ko “Mu mezi umunani ashize, abayobozi b’abahutu bagaragaje ko bashoboye kuyobora igihugu kandi n’amatora yerekanye ko abaturage benshi babashyigikiye.”

Kugira ngo ‘coup d’Etat’ y’i Gitarama ishoboke, ababiligi babigizemo uruhare rukomeye ndetse banatanga ibikoresho byifashishijwe muri iyo nama.

Igitabo Toute ma Vie pour vous mes frères cyanditswe na Baudoin Paternostre, kivuga ko ku mugoroba wo ku itariki 25 Mutarama 1961, habura iminsi itatu ngo ubwami buhirikwe, Kayibanda yagiye kwirebera Colonel Logiest akamwumvisha ko imyanzuro ya Loni yasabiraga Kigeli kugaruka mu gihugu ishingiye ku binyoma, ariyo mpamvu bashaka guhirika ubwami.

Mu gitabo cye bwite yanditse mu 1980, Logiest yagize ati “Ntabwo nashoboraga kumushyigikira (Kayibanda) byeruye muri icyo gikorwa cyo kwivumbura ariko sinashoboraga no kubimubuza. Nahisemo kwigira nk’aho ntacyo yigeze ambwira.Namwijeje kumuha ibikoresho kugira ngo iyo nama ibe mu kurengera ituze rusange. Nizeraga ko nimbigenza ntyo, nyuma abantu bazabona ko ibyo nakoze byari byo.”

Kuva mu 1960, Kigeli yabaye impunzi mu bihugu bitandukanye bya Afurika birimo u Burundi, Tanzania, Uganda kugeza ahawe ubuhungiro na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika mu 1992 ari naho yatangiye tariki 16 Ukwakira 2016 mu mujyi wa Oakton, muri Leta ya Virginia.

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